Innovative approaches are needed to develop and optimize vaccines against diseases which continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Influenza, COVID-19, Pneumococcal disease and Group B Streptococcus. Pfizer is addressing these medical needs by applying the right technology to the right pathogen. Vaccine development efforts are focused on three different technology platforms; protein subunit, mRNA and polysaccharide conjugate technology. RSVpreF vaccine is an example of how advances in protein subunit technology have facilitated development of an efficacious vaccine for both maternal and older adult indications after over fifty years of failed attempts. Future efforts aim to expand the potential of the mRNA platform in respiratory combination vaccines, and to enhance established conjugate technology to develop next generation pneumococcal vaccines.